Glaucoma: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

EN-B-OP-CN2301-V104_20251127_113344_v1

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is an eye disease that can damage the optic nerve. This nerve sends signals from your eye to your brain. Often, glaucoma is linked to high eye pressure. Over time, this pressure can harm your vision. In many cases, glaucoma develops slowly. Because of this, you may not notice symptoms at first. However, early detection is key to preventing vision loss. According to the World Health Organization, glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide.

Common Symptoms of Glaucoma

At first, glaucoma may not cause any symptoms. Yet, as the disease progresses, you may notice changes. Early signs can be easy to miss. Still, knowing what to look for can help you seek care sooner. Common glaucoma symptoms include:

  • Slow loss of side (peripheral) vision
  • Blurred or hazy vision
  • Seeing halos around lights
  • Eye pain or pressure
  • Redness in the eye
  • Nausea or vomiting (with severe eye pain)
  • If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to see an eye specialist right away. Early treatment can help protect your vision.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Glaucoma often develops when fluid builds up in the front part of the eye. This extra fluid increases eye pressure, which can damage the optic nerve. However, not everyone with high eye pressure will get glaucoma. Several risk factors can raise your chances of developing this condition. These include:

  • Age over 40
  • Family history of glaucoma
  • High eye pressure (ocular hypertension)
  • Diabetes
  • Thin corneas
  • Long-term use of steroid medicines
  • Previous eye injury
  • African, Asian, or Hispanic heritage
  • Because some people have higher risk, regular eye exams are important. Early checks can help catch glaucoma before it causes vision loss.

    How Glaucoma is Diagnosed

    Eye doctors use several tests to diagnose glaucoma. First, they measure your eye pressure. Next, they check your optic nerve for damage. In addition, they may test your side vision and look at the thickness of your cornea. Common tests include:

  • Tonometer test (measures eye pressure)
  • Ophthalmoscopy (examines the optic nerve)
  • Visual field test (checks side vision)
  • Pachymetry (measures cornea thickness)
  • Because glaucoma can be silent, regular eye exams are the best way to catch it early. If you have risk factors, your doctor may suggest more frequent checks.

    Treatment Options for Glaucoma

    Although glaucoma cannot be cured, treatment can slow or stop vision loss. The main goal is to lower eye pressure. Treatment options for glaucoma include:

  • Prescription eye drops (to reduce eye pressure)
  • Oral medicines (sometimes used with drops)
  • Laser therapy (to help fluid drain from the eye)
  • Surgery (to create a new drainage path)
  • Your eye specialist will choose the best treatment based on your needs. In some cases, a combination of treatments works best. Regular follow-up visits are important to monitor your eye health.

    Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

    While you cannot always prevent glaucoma, healthy habits can help protect your eyes. For example, you can:

  • Get regular eye exams, especially if you have risk factors
  • Exercise safely to help lower eye pressure
  • Take prescribed eye drops as directed
  • Protect your eyes from injury
  • Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
  • Limit caffeine, as it may raise eye pressure
  • Because early detection is key, do not skip your eye check-ups. If you live in a city with access to specialists, search for “glaucoma treatment in [Your City]” to find care near you.

    When to See an Eye Specialist

    If you notice changes in your vision, do not wait. For example, sudden eye pain, blurred vision, or halos around lights are warning signs. In addition, if you have a family history of glaucoma, schedule regular eye exams. Early treatment can help save your sight.

    In summary, glaucoma is a serious eye disease, but early action makes a difference. Consult an eye specialist for personalized advice on glaucoma prevention and treatment.

    Share